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9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure: 95
- 1. No Poverty
- 2. Zero Hunger
- 3. Good Health and Well-being
- 4. Quality Education
- 5. Gender Equality
- 6. Clean Water and Sanitation
- 7. Affordable and Clean Energy
- 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
- 9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
- 10. Reduced Inequality
- 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
- 12. Responsible Consumption and Production
- 13. Climate Action
- 14. Life Below Water
- 15. Life on Land
- 16. Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
- 17. Partnerships to achieve the Goal
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Flexible and Strong Gel
New materials for the age of welfare
What kind of material should be used in an age when we are required to improve our quality of life? The answer is strong gels such as double network gels. Tough gels will help revolutionize the quality of medical devices, tissue substitutes and biomimetics.
Research
Conventionally, elastomers have widely been used as soft materials, but in situations where they are used as contact points with living organisms or as their substitutes, hydrophobicity is a critically important factor. Since hydrous materials strongly reflect the physical properties of water, they exhibit physical properties that are very similar to biological tissues. For example, heat transfer and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of hydrous materials are similar to those of living tissues, and their surface friction is as low as that of body tissues. Although gel is the most common hydrophilic soft material, its mechanical strength has been low and its application has thus been limited. We have succeeded in developing a highly strong double network (DN) gel that does not break, even when a truck drives over it, despite 90% water content. This has greatly expanded the possibilities of gel applications. While working to examine the toughness of DN gels, we have discovered the “sacrificial bonding principle,” arriving at the concept of strengthening various materials. In recent years, we have been developing various other types of strong gels besides DN gels.
Jian Ping Gong Professor -
Gel that is Stronger Than Steel
Soft and tough composite material
By conjugating glass fiber and self-healing gel, we have achieved a gel that is stronger than carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP). Since the base material is a gel, it is as flexible as rubber against bending, but tougher than CFRP against tearing, making it difficult to break.
Research
The glass fiber composite gel we have developed exhibits unbreakable, untearable and tear-resistant properties. Generally speaking, CFRP and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) are widely used as composite materials. Similar to these fiber-reinforced plastics, fiber-reinforced gels are hard and resistant to tension because of the characteristics of the fibers, while being soft and flexible on bending because of the characteristics of the gel. The self-healing polyampholyte (PA) gel used as the base material is also strong as such thanks to its ability to dissipate a large amount of energy against deformation. Since the gel is flexible, when it is combined with fiber, local distortions can be transmitted through the fiber to the distant base material, resulting in large energy dissipation of the entire material, meaning that it is remarkably strong.
Takayuki Kurokawa ProfessorPh. D -
Geothermal Resource Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Induced Earthquakes
Monitoring and risk assessment of geothermal resources through geophysical observations
Evaluation of the subsurface structure necessary for geothermal resource development by gravity survey and precise determination of the seismic source. Monitoring of geothermal reservoir resources by precise gravity measurements and crustal deformation observations. Risk assessment of induced earthquakes associated with geothermal well development and research on seismic activity prediction.
Research
○ For geothermal resource development, which has been actively promoted in recent years, geothermal reservoirs are examined through base structure surveys. We have been investigating the basement structure through gravity surveys, precise seismic source distribution, and seismic velocity structure analysis.
○ For geothermal power generation, steam is produced and hot water is returned to the underground, but it is necessary to monitor the level of the geothermal reservoir to ensure the sustainable use of resources. We will examine the appropriate resource utilization volume through physical assessment of the subsurface fluid conditions using precise gravity measurements and crustal deformation observations.
○ The injection of high-pressure fluids into geothermal wells may induce noticeable tremors and cause problems. We will provide guidelines for appropriate and sustainable resource development by developing a method to evaluate the risk of induced earthquakes based on such parameters as the crustal stress state in the geothermal development area, surrounding faults, the characteristics of the seismic activity, and fluid injection volume.Hiroaki Takahashi Professor -
High-precision Acoustic Position Recognition, Time Synchronization, Selective Flickerless Visible Light Communication
Submillimeter-order position measurement and its deployment
By integrating ranging technology that is more accurate than conventional methods by double digits and original time-synchronization technology using illumination, we can quickly and accurately estimate the 3D position and velocity of mobile terminals and robots. The system also realizes selective flickerless visible light communication and position-dependent information distribution to specific moving objects.
Research
To accurately obtain the position of a user in a room or a moving object in real time, we have proposed a high-precision time reference point setting method called the phase-matching method (ranging error of 0.03 mm). Based on this technology, we have developed a smartphone users’ gesture recognition system and a robot tracking system. We have also achieved microsecond-order time synchronization using a camera-equipped mobile terminal and an original algorithm. The integration of LED modulation and terminal location information will allow us to distribute location-dependent information and conduct flickerless visible light communication using indoor lighting.
Masanori Sugimoto Professor -
High-temperature Latent Heat Storage Microcapsules
Core (alloy latent heat storage material) ? shell (Al2O3) type latent heat storage microcapsules capable of high-density heat storage in the high temperature range of over 500?C
The latent heat storage method, which utilizes latent heat generated during the solid-liquid phase change, is attractive for its high-density heat storage capacity. Microencapsulation of latent heat storage material enables not only heat storage but also heat transport and heat control applications, and we have developed latent heat storage microcapsules that can be used in the high temperature range of over 500°C.
Research
An Al-base alloy with a melting point above 500°C was newly discovered as a latent heat storage material. By skillfully applying chemical conversion/oxidation treatment to the micro-particles of this alloy (approx. 20 μm or larger), we have succeeded in developing core (Al-base alloy) and shell (Al2O3) type latent heat storage microcapsules (Fig. 1). These microcapsules have high heat storage capacity of approximately five times that of solid sensible heat storage materials, and have excellent mechanical properties. Since the shell is made of Al2O3, it can also be treated as a ceramic particle. In other words, it is an epoch-making heat storage material of which the performance can be upgraded while maintaining the current use of ceramic sensible heat storage technology.
Takahiro Nomura Professor -
Hydrogenation with Homogeneous Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyst
Selective synthesis of cis-alkenes and amines
cis-Alkenes and amines, which are useful as raw materials for pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals and other chemical products, can be synthesized efficiently through hydrogenation of alkynes, organic nitro compounds and azides. The originally developed homogeneous palladium nanoparticles can be stored in solution for longer than a year and are easy to handle in air.
Research
We have found that homogeneous palladium nanoparticles can be obtained by treating palladium acetate with potassium tert-butoxide or sodium borohydride in the presence of alkynes (Fig.1). The nanoparticles can be stored in solution for longer than a year and are easy to handle in air. They exhibit excellent performance as hydrogenation catalysts and can efficiently synthesize cis-alkenes (2) and amines (4 and 6) from alkynes (1), organic azide compounds (3) and aromatic nitro compounds (5), respectively. They have excellent cis-alkene selectivity and functional group tolerance (no loss of the ketone, aldehyde, or benzylic hydroxy group, etc.). The catalytic activity is extremely high; the reaction proceeds quickly using only 1/1000 to 1/5000 equivalent of palladium of the substrate (raw material). It also has excellent economic efficiency and convenience, and we are examining the possibility of commercializing it in cooperation with companies.
Takeshi Ohkuma Specially Appointed Professor -
Hyperpolarized 13C MRI for Genetic Mutation Imaging
Non-invasive visualization of genetic mutations in tumors by metabolic MRI
The outcome of cancer treatment largely depends on the type of genetic mutation that the cancer cells carry. Using the characteristic metabolic changes brought about by genetic mutations as an indicator, we are developing a molecular imaging technique to identify mutated genes non-invasively using the latest metabolic MRI.
Research
Hyperpolarized 13C nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a state-of-the-art technique for real-time visualization of metabolic reactions in vivo by temporarily amplifying the MRI signal of any compound labeled with 13C tens of thousands of times. It is expected to be a dream molecular imaging technology that can acquire signals from deep inside the body, which is difficult with optical imaging without radiation exposure like PET/CT.
Cells become cancerous through the accumulation of genetic mutations, and the type of mutation greatly influences the response to cancer therapy. Many cancer-causing mutations are associated with characteristic metabolic changes. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI can be used to non-invasively identify mutated genes in tumors by looking at specific metabolic changes.Shingo Matsumoto Professor -
In Vivo Nucleic Acid Delivery System Based on the Development of Unique Functional Lipids
Balancing world-class functional delivery of nucleic acids and safety
We have developed a unique group of functional lipids for the safe and efficient in vivo delivery of siRNA. The lipid nanoparticles containing these lipids showed world-class functional delivery of siRNA in hepatocytes due to their excellent endosomal escape ability and high safety due to their biodegradability.
Research
The key to the practical application of siRNA is the development of superior delivery technology, but there is still much room for improvement in the delivery efficiency. In addition, from the viewpoint of practicality, it is also important to secure a wide safe therapeutic window. It is also highly desirable to develop platform technologies that can provide appropriate formulations for different purposes without being limited to specific applications. To achieve these goals, we have developed a unique group of pH-sensitive cationic lipids. We achieved the modulation of acid dissociation constants, which is an important factor for the pharmacokinetics of lipid nanoparticles, enabling a target-specific molecular design. The lipid nanoparticles containing the novel lipid CL4H6 induced gene silencing in hepatocytes with world-class efficiency. No significant hepatotoxicity was also observed even after the administration of approximately 3,000-fold higher dose for 50% gene silencing, thus a high level of safety was confirmed. CL4H6 was rapidly degraded and eliminated after siRNA delivery.
Yusuke Sato Associate Professor -
Infrared Metamaterials Produced by Microfabrication of High Temperature Resistant Materials
Development of materials and devices that manipulate mid- to far-infrared radiation
It is expected that it will be possible to make devices to control corresponding electromagnetic waves by creating heaters and diffraction gratings with patterns smaller than the mid- to far-infrared wavelengths. We are developing methods to fabricate thin films, stacks, and microstructures of metal carbides and oxides, and are studying their elemental characteristics.
Research
Materials that are finely processed on a scale of less than the wavelength of electromagnetic waves can control the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves (such materials are known as metamaterials). Mid- to far-infrared radiation, with wavelengths ranging from 3 μm to 1000 μm, can be used for the detection of molecules as it is an electromagnetic wave that is related to heat radiation and can excite molecular vibrations. Since it is a heat-related material, being heat-resistant would render it usable for applications that cannot be realized elsewhere. We are studying process technology for heat-resistant materials with various properties such as metal carbides and oxides, and are measuring the fundamental properties of these materials in the infrared region for application to metamaterial design. By fabricating metamaterials for mid- to far-infrared radiation, we aim to create narrow linewidth mid-infrared light emitting devices for molecular detection and materials for controlling radiation heat.
Toshihiro Shimada Professor -
Liquid Atomization Technology Using Ultrasound and Microbubbles
Toward active control of the amount of liquid atomization
When ultrasonic waves are irradiated from the liquid to the liquid surface, atomization of the liquid occurs at the liquid surface. In recent years, it has become clear that microbubbles near the liquid surface are responsible for this phenomenon. We are aiming to control the amount of liquid atomization by ultrasound.
Research
When ultrasonic waves are emitted from inside a liquid to the surface, the liquid is atomized. The atomized liquid becomes small droplets with a diameter of several micrometers. This liquid atomization technology can produce uniform fine droplets in an energy saving manner and is still widely used in our daily life. Although the mechanism of liquid atomization is still not completely understood, based on our previous research, it has become clear that microbubbles in the vicinity of the liquid surface promote atomization. In this study, we focus on the number of microbubbles in a liquid and aim to control the amount of liquid atomization by ultrasound. By adjusting the number of microbubbles appropriately, we aim to atomize liquids that could not be atomized by ultrasound and to further increase the amount of liquid atomization.
Kazumichi Kobayashi Associate Professor -
MALDI Matrix for Sensitive and High-Resolution Structural Analysis of Unmodified Sialylated Glycans and Glycoconjugates
We have developed a matrix that can ionize sialylated glycans and glycoconjugates without modifying the carboxylic acid moiety of the sialic acids, and can analyze them with high sensitivity and resolution (reflector mode) without desorption of the sialic acid residue.
Research
Sialylation (addition of sialic acid) of glycans and glycoconjugates is an important biomarker involved in various biological phenomena such as development, differentiation, disease, infection, and immunity. MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) is a simple and sensitive soft ionization method. However, the ionization efficiency of unmodified sialic acid-containing glycans is low, and there is a problem that the spectrum becomes complicated due to cleavage of sialic acids or other reasons. With this technique, we succeeded in measuring sialylated glycans and glycoconjugates with high sensitivity and high resolution without undergoing any modification process by improving the addition system to the conventional matrix while suppressing sialic acid desorption. With the change in the cleavage pattern and the increased sensitivity, TOF/TOF analysis and pseudo-MS3 analysis can now be performed using ultra-trace samples. This method does not require chemical modification and separation steps, and enables reaction tracking and rapid sample analysis.
Hiroshi Hinou Professor ProfessorPh.D. -
Mass Production of Nanofibrillated Bacterial Cellulose
Bottom-up production of nanofibrillated cellulose from low molecular weight biomass using bacteria
We have acquired a novel cellulose-synthesizing acetic acid bacterium and succeeded in the mass production of nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC: Fibnano?) with excellent flowability, miscibility, and formability and that can be used in a wide range of fields, from molasses.
Research
Cellulose synthesized by bacteria and called bacterial cellulose (BC) has unique properties such as high water retention, high strength, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. In recent years, nano-sized cellulose materials (nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)) has also been attracting attention. In general, NFC is prepared top-down from pulp by physical and chemical treatments, and the resulting NFC is highly dispersed in water. In contrast, by optimizing the culture conditions of cellulose-synthesizing bacteria, it is possible to prepare nanofibrillated BC (NFBC: Fibnano?) from low-molecular biomass in a bottom-up manner. In collaboration with a company in Hokkaido, we have succeeded in the mass production of NFBC (Fibnano?) from molasses, a byproduct of sugar production.
Kenji Tajima Associate ProfessorDoctor of Engineering -
Mathematical Analysis Techniques for Information Science and Engineering
System identification, design and inverse problems
Exploration of methodologies and development of applied technologies to solve problems in information science and engineering related to system identification and design and estimation of unknown objects
Research
In the field of information science and engineering, many problems appear, such as the problem of designing a mathematical system that provides a desired result, the problem of identifying a mathematical model that gives a given input and output, and the inverse problem of estimating unknown inputs from a system and observations. When dealing with these problems, by dividing the analysis into conditions specific to each problem and mathematical models independent of each problem, it becomes possible to theoretically determine the performance and limitations, and to also expand the analysis horizontally to problems that can be described by similar mathematical models. With this unique approach, we have developed various methodological constructs and application techniques in machine learning problems including image and color restoration, separation of individual sounds in acoustic signals, pattern recognition, and sampling theory. By applying our methodology to today's rapidly developing and diverse measurement technologies, we expect to develop a variety of application techniques based on theory.
Akira Tanaka Professor -
Micro-/nano-patterns Created with Biomaterials
Bio-based micro-/nano-patterns that mimic biological structures for application to cell culture tools and tissue regeneration
Using biomaterials such as collagen and dental materials, we are producing micro-/nano-patterns that mimic biological structures. Depending on the shape of the pattern and the type of material, it can lead to the improvement of cell functions. While pursuing new possibilities, we aim to apply our technology to cell culture tools and periodontal tissue regeneration.
Research
In this study, we are using nanoimprinting to pattern typical biomaterials. We hope that the designed micro-/nano-scale shapes can be used to control cell functions and contribute to the development of novel cell culture tools and tissue regeneration.
● Comparison with conventional technology: It is characterized by unprecedented production of regular biomaterial patterns, and is expected to contribute to the discovery of new functions. (*Conventionally, irregular, flat or industrial plastics)
● Effectiveness: Patterning greatly improves the number of cells attached and the degree of elongation compared to flat surfaces. It also makes it easy to align cells in grooves. This can lead to the 3D construction of extracellular matrix (ECM).
● Future vision: We aim to regenerate tissues with a similar structure as that of living organisms by developing patterned materials not only in a flat plane but also in 2.5 and 3 dimensions through further layering.Tsukasa Akasaka Associate Professor -
Microscopic Indentation
Visualization of hardness/deformation in small areas
We have enabled the in-situ observation of changes in indentation shapes and surrounding surfaces during indentation hardness tests. This will contribute to material development and the clarification of causes of accidents through the high-throughput collection of accurate data enabled by the combination of high temporal resolution of information from video recording and hardness tests.
Research
The hardness test, a method to clarify the strength of materials from the deformation caused by local loading, is widely used based on its high simplicity and reproducibility. To obtain highly accurate stress response information while taking advantage of the simplicity of this method, we have developed in-situ hardness tests (micro-indentation) method.
To observe the surface of the specimen both inside and around the indentation through a transparent indenter during the indentation test, it is necessary to optimize the optical conditions. However, by introducing a liquid with a refractive index close to that of the transparent indenter around the indenter, we have enabled a wide range of surface observations.Seiji Miura Professor -
Mitochondria-targeted Nanocapsules (MITO-Porter)
Technology to introduce drugs, proteins and nucleic acids into mitochondria
The mitochondrion is attracting attention as an organelle that contributes to the treatment of diseases, maintenance of beauty and health and the development of the life sciences. We have successfully developed a mitochondria-targeted nanocapsule (MITO-Porter) and are aiming to commercialize this nanocapsule.
Research
The mitochondria-targeted nanocapsules (MITO-Porter) in this study can pass through the cell and mitochondrial membranes to deliver target molecules inside the mitochondria. Conventional technologies using functional elements severely limit the size and type of molecules to be delivered, but the strategy using MITO-Porter, which encapsulates the target molecule, enables mitochondrial delivery independent of the molecular species.
When we prepared MITO-Porter with GFP (green) encapsulated and observed intracellular fluorescence microscopy, we observed many yellow signals that overlap with mitochondria (red), confirming efficient molecular delivery inside the mitochondria. We have also succeeded in introducing genes and nucleic acids into mitochondria, which had been impossible with existing nucleic acid delivery agents (targeting the nucleus and cytoplasm). We are also developing nanocapsules that can be adapted to living organisms.Yuma Yamada Professor -
Monitoring the Output of Renewable Energy Generation and Measures Against Output Fluctuations
Real-time monitoring of fluctuations in solar and wind power output and control of such fluctuations
We have developed a method for extracting load power (A) and renewable energy output (B) from power flow information in which (A) and (B) coexist. Although (B) fluctuates greatly depending on the weather conditions, we have developed a control method to suppress fluctuations using storage batteries and a method to evaluate storage battery capacity.
Research
In this laboratory, we have developed a method to extract the output of renewable energy (RE) power generation hidden in the information of power flowing through distribution lines in real time by applying a signal analysis technique called independent component analysis (ICA). This method enables highly accurate output estimation without having to use preliminary information such as the installed PV capacity in the grid (Fig. 1).
We have also developed a control method to compensate for RE power output fluctuations using storage batteries (Fig. 2) and simulation technology to estimate the storage battery capacity required to suppress output fluctuations for individual wind farms and mega solar power plants.Hiroyuki Kita Professor -
Multi -beam Ultra-high Voltage Electron Microscope and Materials Research
Multi-beam science and engineering applications
At the High-Voltage Electron Microscope (HVEM) Laboratory of Hokkaido University, the world’s first multi -quantum beam HVEM has been developed. It enables in-situ observation of microstructural changes on an atomic scale using multi-quantum beam irradiation.
Research
The world’s first multi-quantum beam HVEM (left)
In 2014, we added an optical system that allows the use of multiple lasers, and developed a multi-quantum beam HVEM that allows in-situ observation at the atomic level under irradiation by multi-quantum beams, including ion, laser and electron beams. We are currently developing an in-situ spectroscopy system.
Nanocrystal growth by UV irradiation (right)
We have succeeded in growing ZnO nanocrystals by irradiating submerged plasma-treated Zn with UV light. We are now promoting research on the growth mechanism and its application.
Scientific Report, 5, 11429(2015), AIP Advances, 7(2017) pp. 035220, Other reference: Nano Letters, 17(2017) pp. 2088-2093Tamaki Shibayama Professor -
Multimedia Artificial Intelligence Technology Reaching Social Implementation
Approaching the practical application of AI technology through industry-university collaborative research!
With this research, we are developing artificial intelligence technology for multimedia data, mainly images, video, music, and audio. We are handling data related to medical images, social infrastructure data, materials science and other fields, mainly through industry-university collaborative research.
Research
We are not only conducting the world's most advanced artificial intelligence research, but also promoting research in interdisciplinary areas and taking on the challenge of solving real-world problems. Specifically, in medical imaging research, we have collaborated with many medical institutions in Japan to build AI technology that surpasses human diagnostic accuracy. In medical and civil engineering research, we have built Explainable AI (XAI), which not only enables learning of small amounts of data, a challenge in AI research, but also enables explanations of judgment results, making the technology usable in the real world. In recent years, we have also developed human-centric AI technology that can make decisions like humans by introducing information strongly related to human interests, such as human brain activity and eye gaze data, into the AI learning process.
Takahiro Ogawa Professor -
New Crystal Material Converts Sunlight into Laser Light
New Cr, Nd co-doped crystals for high efficiency solar-pumped lasers
The Nd:CaYAlO4 crystal exhibits a wide absorption band in the visible region and a large absorption cross section. Since the energy absorbed by chromium is transferred to neodymium, it is expected to convert solar energy to laser light with high efficiency.
Research
We have fabricated CaYAlO4 single crystals doped with chromium (Cr) and neodymium (Nd) using a technique called the floating zone melting method. By appropriately controlling the fabrication conditions, high-quality red transparent crystals were obtained (Fig. 1). The crystal has a very wide absorption range from the ultraviolet region to the visible region, and shows sufficient absorption even at the wavelength where the energy of sunlight is at its maximum (Fig. 2). We have also found that the absorption is 70 times or more that of conventional materials such as Cr and Nd:YAG. These properties are unique to the newly developed crystal and not found in existing materials. We have also demonstrated that neodymium can emit light upon excitation in the absorption band of chromium due to its fluorescence properties (Fig. 3). Based on this result, it is expected to convert solar energy into laser light with high efficiency.
